diff --git a/frontend/Dockerfile b/frontend/Dockerfile
index 09bf681..f9fd026 100644
--- a/frontend/Dockerfile
+++ b/frontend/Dockerfile
@@ -32,19 +32,15 @@ ENV NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL=auto
 ENV NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_MODE=${NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_MODE}
 
 # Create non-root user before COPY so --chown can reference it.
-# Using COPY --chown avoids a slow recursive chown on overlay2 (docker/for-linux#388).
-RUN addgroup -S appgroup && adduser -S -G appgroup appuser \
-  && chown appuser:appgroup /app
+RUN addgroup -S appgroup && adduser -S -G appgroup appuser
 
-COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/.next ./.next
-# `public/` is optional in Next.js apps; repo may not have it.
-# Avoid failing the build when the directory is absent.
-COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/package.json ./package.json
-COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/node_modules ./node_modules
-COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/next.config.ts ./next.config.ts
+# Copy standalone output from builder
+COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/.next/standalone ./
+COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/.next/static ./.next/static
+COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/public ./public
 
 USER appuser
 
 EXPOSE 3000
 
-CMD ["npm", "run", "start"]
+CMD ["node", "server.js"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/next.config.ts b/frontend/next.config.ts
index 8c034bc..b57d8a8 100644
--- a/frontend/next.config.ts
+++ b/frontend/next.config.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { NextConfig } from "next";
 
 const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
+  output: "standalone",
   // In dev, Next may proxy requests based on the request origin/host.
   // Allow common local origins so `next dev --hostname 127.0.0.1` works
   // when users access via http://localhost:3000 or http://127.0.0.1:3000.